Smart Education and e-Learning 2018 by Vladimir L. Uskov Robert J. Howlett Lakhmi C. Jain & Ljubo Vlacic

Author:Vladimir L. Uskov, Robert J. Howlett, Lakhmi C. Jain & Ljubo Vlacic
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

Heading level

Pre-test

Post-test1

Post-test2

N

61

61

61

Mean

29.34426

35.60656

30.14754

SD

8.54963

6.535234

8.835225

Min

4

18

7

Max

42

44

43

Range

38

26

36

Median

32

37

31

Mode

-

37

30

Normality: Shapiro-Wilk W

0.9203044 (R)

0.9287397 (R)

0.9445432 (R)

Normality: Kolmogorov-Smirnov

0.1699123 (R)

0.1581928 (R)

0.1162891 (R)

R: Reject normality

4.2 Verification of Hypotheses

First, the paired difference for pre-test score and post-test1 score was calculated by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Reaching the Z-value = 6.6112 (α = 0.05; probability level = 0.000000), the first hypothesis H1 was verified. This result means that statistically significant difference was discovered between the pre-test and post-test1 scores (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.Differences in test scores: pre-test versus post-test1.

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